In the medical database example mentioned above, the hospital authorizes doc. Outsourced symmetric private information retrieval ospir, where on top of the mcsse requirements, one asks that client queries be hidden from d similarly to the private information retrieval pir primitive. But they also pose a significant risk to the privacy of the user, since a curious database operator can follow the users queries and infer what the user is after. Nontrivial pir is an important cryptographic primitive with many applications. Manning, prabhakar raghavan and hinrich schutze, introduction to information retrieval, cambridge university press. Dispel the idea that singledatabase pir schemes are unusable because too. Private information retrieval pir allows a user to retrieve the ith bit of an nbit database without revealing to the database server the.
Practical implications current private information retrieval pir protocols suffer from two significant. The computational complexity column stanford university. Pdf hkprivate information retrieval from privacyuncooperative. You can order this book at cup, at your local bookstore or on the internet. This means that each individual database gets no information on the identity of the item retrieved by the user. Sep 26, 2016 in the pir problem, the user wishes to retrieve one of the available messages without revealing the message identity to any individual database. The person speci es complete information regarding the book along with the information about the authors and pubication details. If the authors of the particular book are not present, the corresponding entries are added. Single database private information retrieval implies oblivious.
Oneway trapdoor permutations are sufficient for nontrivial singleserver private information retrieval. This communication complexity is better asymptotically than previous singledatabase pir schemes. Singledatabase private information retrieval with constant. This book deals with private information retrieval pir,a technique allowing a user to retrieve an element from a server in possession of a database without revealing to the server which element is retrieved. Introduction to information retrieval stanford nlp group. Singledatabase private information retrieval from fully homomorphic encryption yi, x, kaosar, m and paulet, r 20, singledatabase private information retrieval from fully homomorphic encryption, ieee transactions on knowledge and data engineering, vol. Single database private information retrieval with logarithmic. Another great and more conceptual book is the standard reference introduction to information retrieval by christopher manning, prabhakar raghavan, and hinrich schutze, which describes fundamental algorithms in information retrieval, nlp, and machine learning. In the past, database management systems dbms and information retrieval systems irs wereseparated in research and development and different products have been developed for either purpose.
Pdf private information retrieval with sublinear online. A singledatabase private information retrieval pir is a protocol that allows a user to privately retrieve from a database an entry with as small as possible com. We present a singledatabase private information retrieval. Singledatabase private information retrieval implies oblivious transfer. In this case we are considering the only single database pir. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Single database private information retrieval with. The user first specifies a user need which is then parsed and transformed by the same text operations applied to the text. However, the user could get some information about other database items. Single database private information retrieval from fully homomorphic encryption. Databasesretrieval systems on the internet citing medicine. Abstract download free sample this book deals with private information retrieval pir, a technique allowing a user to retrieve an element from a server in possession of a database without revealing to the server which element is retrieved. In this paper we survey the notion of singledatabase private information retrieval pir. The query is then processed to obtain the retrieved.
The scheme is somewhat similar to cms 2, but the scheme is described and its security proven with respect to general groups that have hidden subgroups of smooth order. A private information retrieval pir is a protocol, in which user retrieves a record privately out of n records from the database server. A singledatabase private information retrieval pir is a protocol that allows a user to privately retrieve from a database an entry with as small as possible communication complexity. If the book is not present in the book table, the book table is updated with the entry. The first singledatabase pir was constructed in 1997 by kushilevitz and ostrovsky and since then singledatabase pir has emerged as an important cryptographic primitive. Protecting data privacy in private information retrieval schemes.
Universal serviceproviders for database private information retrieval. Part of the lecture notes in computer science book series lncs, volume 3108. Consider, for example, queries to statistical databases allowing users to access only aggregated data preventing them to obtain individual records. We call a pir protocol nontrivial if its total communication is strictly less than the size of the database. For a single database, achieving this type of privacy requires communicating the whole database, or n bits where is the number of bits in. In a straightforward pir scheme, the user would download all the. In this paper we survey the notion of single database private information retrieval pir. Oneway functions are essential for singleserver private. Rajeev motwani privacy and databases stanford cs theory.
Privacypreserving queries over relational databases. Information theoretic private information retrieval. A private information retrieval pir scheme is a protocol in which a user retrieves a record out of n from a replicated database, while hiding from the database which record has been retrieved, as long as the different replicas do not collude. Informally, a tpir protocol retrieves data from a database without revealing the. Springer nature is committed to supporting the global response to emerging outbreaks by enabling fast and direct access to. Singledatabase private information retrieval from fully. We study the problem of single database private information retrieval, and present a solution with only logarithmic serverside communication complexity and a solution with only logarithmic userside communication complexity.
This communication complexity is better asymptotically than. Instead, several objects may match the query, perhaps with different degrees of relevancy. Optimized private information retrieval protocol using. We present the first protocols for private information retrieval that allow fast sublineartime database lookups without increasing the serverside storage requirements. The first single database pir was constructed in 1997 by kushilevitz and ostrovsky and since then single database pir has emerged as an important cryptographic primitive. Computationally private information retrieval with polylogarithmic communication. A specially interesting subfield of research, called singledatabase pir, deals with the schemes that allow a user to retrieve privately an element of. A specially interesting subfield of research, called single database pir, deals with the schemes that allow a user to retrieve privately an element of. The problem of private information retrieval pir from coded storage systems with colluding, byzantine, and unresponsive servers is considered. Private information retrieval pir allows a client to retrieve data from a remote database while hiding the clients access pattern.
Single database, computationallyprivate information retrieval. We study the problem of single database private information retrieval, and. A database is a collection of individual records that are most often standardized in both format and content. Private information retrieval with side information. We describe schemes that enable a user to access kreplicated copies of a database k 2 and privately retrieve information stored in the database. Introduction to information retrieval by christopher d. Our scheme also transforms the cms technique to maximize the number of database bits the user can. In information retrieval a query does not uniquely identify a single object in the collection.
A key idea of our authentication protocols is to use private information retrieval pir chor et al. However, while being perfectly private, the communication complexity of. A uni ed construction 9 by an nbit string x, where the user, holding some retrieval index i, wishes to learn the ith data bit xi. A private information retrieval scheme enables a user to privately recover an item from a public accessible database stored on a server. Publicly accessible databases are an indispensable resource for retrieving up to date information. Oct 10, 2007 examples of citations to entire databasesretrieval systems on the internet. We describe schemes that enable a user to access k replicated copies of a database k 2 and privately retrieve information stored in the database. Single database private information retrieval implies. That is, in every invocation of a spir protocol, the user learns only a single physical bit of x and no other information about the data.
Singledatabase private information retrieval protocols. An object is an entity that is represented by information in a content collection or database. It can be shown that when accessing a single database, to completely guarantee the privacy of the user, the whole database should be downloaded. Singleuser hkpir from a privacyuncooperative queryable database. Private information retrieval, relational databases, sql 1 introduction most software systems request sensitive information from users to construct a query, but privacy concerns can make a user unwilling to provide such information. Pdf singledatabase private information retrieval from. Private information retrieval rmit research repository. At present there is a trend towards a single integrated system for data base management and information retrieval called. Pir has been widely applied to protect the privacy of. Pdf single database private information retrieval implies. We present a singledatabase private information retrieval pir scheme with. The server does not gain any information about which item the user is retrieving. Pir has been widely applied to protect the privacy of the user in querying a service provider on the internet.
This requirement arises in important outsourcing scenarios. Online edition c2009 cambridge up stanford nlp group. Private information retrieval ieee conference publication. Given that the document database is indexed, the retrieval process can be initiated. This is the companion website for the following book. Private information retrieval synthesis lectures on. Secondly, we show a protocol with multiple databases which satisfies properties 1, 2 and 3. To be applicable for practical usage, pir protocol should. The database is assumed to be computationally unbounded.
The user wishes to retrieve the ith bit xi from the database, without revealing any information about i. A single database private information retrieval pir is a protocol that allows a user to privately retrieve from a database an entry with as small as possible communication complexity. Pir is a weaker version of 1outofn oblivious transfer, where it is also required that the user should not get information about other database items. Firstly, we show a protocol with a single database which satisfies properties 1 and 2. Single database private information retrieval implies oblivious transfer free download a singledatabase private information retrieval pir is a protocol that allows a user to privately retrieve from a database an entry with as small as possible communication complexity. This means that each individual server holding a replicated copy of the database gets no information on the identity of the item retrieved by the user. In this work, we investigate whether by replicating the database, more efficient solutions to the private retrieval problem can be obtained. We call a pir protocol nontrivial if its total communication is strictly less than. Private information retrieval pir is a protocol between a database d holding a string x e 0, 1n, and a user holding an index i e n.
With such a protocol, a user can retrieve a record out of nfrom a database, without having to reveal which one to the database administrators security being derived from computational hardness assumptions. In an offline phase, which takes place before the client has decided which database bit it wants to read, the client fetches a short string. Singledatabase private information retrieval protocols halinria. The capacity of private information retrieval from coded.
Highspeed private information retrieval computation on gpu. Part of the lecture notes in computer science book series lncs, volume 3580. The aim of private information retrieval pir is to protect the privacy of the user. Lecture 22 oblivious transfer ot and private information. Private information retrieval description while this problem admits a trivial solution sending the entire database to the client allows the client to query with perfect privacy there are techniques to reduce the communication complexity of this problem, which can be critical for large databases. The user would like to keep the information private that he retrieved from a database server.
For example, by pir, one can query a locationbased service. Informationtheoretic private information retrieval. Single database private information retrieval implies oblivious transfer giovannidicrescenzo1,talmalkin2,andrafailostrovsky1 1 telcordia echnologies,inc. We derive the information theoretic capacity of this problem, which is defined as the maximum number of bits of the desired message that can be privately retrieved per one bit of downloaded information. Citeseerx singledatabase private information retrieval.
The basic motivation for private information retrieval is a family of twoparty protocols in which one of the parties the sender owns a database, and the other part the receiver wants to query it with certain privacy restrictions and warranties. An implementation of tagged private information retrieval adam l. In cryptography, a private information retrieval pir protocol is a protocol that allows a user to retrieve an item from a server in possession of a database without revealing which item is retrieved. Single database private information retrieval from fully homomorphic encryption yi, x, kaosar, m and paulet, r 20, single database private information retrieval from fully homomorphic encryption, ieee transactions on knowledge and data engineering, vol. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page.
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